Circular Economy

Definition

Circular Economy — An economic model where products and materials are reused, repaired, refurbished or recycled — minimizing waste.

The circular economy is a systems-level alternative to the linear "take-make-dispose" model. Products are designed for durability, repairability and recovery; materials cycle back into the economy at end of life rather than landfill.

In practice this looks like refill programs, modular electronics, deposit-return schemes, fashion resale and take-back programs, and packaging designed for recycling streams that actually exist locally. The Ellen MacArthur Foundation is the leading research and advocacy body in this space.

Cradle to Cradle certification operationalizes circular-economy principles at the product level.

Related terms

Vegan
Contains no animal-derived ingredients and no animal byproducts.
Cruelty-Free
Neither the finished product nor its ingredients were tested on animals.
B Corp
A for-profit company independently verified to meet high social and environmental standards.
USDA Organic
U.S. federal certification for food and farming free from synthetic pesticides, GMOs, and irradiation.

Using Circular Economy without overreading the claim

An economic model where products and materials are reused, repaired, refurbished or recycled — minimizing waste.

This term is not, by itself, proof of a certified product. Its meaning may depend on a technical definition, local rules or the boundaries of a particular claim.

Separate the question the term addresses from questions it does not answer. Material sourcing, labour conditions, chemical safety and disposal need different evidence. Catalogue labels are a starting point for checking that evidence, not a substitute for it.

Circular Economy: verification guide

CheckActionLimitation
DefinitionAsk what the term means in this claimTechnical concepts and marketing promises are different
BoundaryIdentify materials, locations and stages coveredA claim about one component cannot describe the whole lifecycle
EvidenceRequest methods, assumptions and dated supporting documentsA claim can need evidence without having a dedicated certifier

Before relying on Circular Economy

  • DefinitionAsk what the term means in this claim
  • BoundaryIdentify materials, locations and stages covered
  • EvidenceRequest methods, assumptions and dated supporting documents

Frequently asked

What does Circular Economy mean?+

An economic model where products and materials are reused, repaired, refurbished or recycled — minimizing waste.

How can I check a Circular Economy claim?+

Ask what the term means in this claim. Identify materials, locations and stages covered. Request methods, assumptions and dated supporting documents.